Basic Leadership Guide

Igor · 02-13-2009, 12:37 AM

Good day, I’m 2nd Lt Igor and I’m going to give you a basic approach to follow to act as a leader in Armed Assault.
This thread is on leadership and its intent is to help people in leading a mission. I want to provide a foundation that might facilitate you in leading a mission. I do not want to intimidate or scare you away from leading
Basically, I am going to give some pointers and a tentative method to being a leader for each leadership position.
This guide is by no means complete, and I encourage other people to share their ideas and experiences to further develop potential leaders.
After 5 years of being developed by the Army to be a leader, I’ve learned a couple of things I’ll share with you.

But first, let me share some motivational videos to get you in the spirit of being a leader.
Infantry Leadership
Leadership by LTG Harold Moore

Also here are some good rules to follow
Powell's Rules
1. It ain't as bad as you think. It will look better in the morning.

2. Get mad, then get over it.

3. Avoid having your ego so close to your position that when your position falls, your ego goes with it.

4. It can be done!

5. Be careful what you choose. You may get it.

6. Don't let adverse facts stand in the way of a good decision.

7. You can't make someone else's choices. You shouldn't let someone else make yours.

8. Check small things.

9. Share credit.

10. Remain calm. Be kind.

11. Have a vision. Be demanding.

12. Don't take counsel of your fears or naysayers.

13. Perpetual optimism is a force multiplier

First things first, useful tips for everyone:

1. Pen and paper-One thing that the army teaches is to always have pen/paper, you can use it to write down who your leaders are, what squad you are in, who your squad leader is, what you need to do, who has the satchel charges, and much, much more. You should ALWAYS play Armed Assault with pen and paper and continuously make notes to yourself. It will make your life and everyone else’s easier.

2. You will make mistakes. There is no way around this fact. You will make decisions or undertake actions that lead to people’s deaths. Don’t beat yourself too hard over it. Learn from it and try to pass along knowledge to others.

3. Know when to lead and when to step aside. You might have a great idea on how to execute something, but if you tell your leaders and they choose not to do it, just accept it. On the other hand, if you are a leader, involve your followers in the decision-making process. This way, they feel like in some ways that the plan is theirs’.

4. Don’t be afraid to get help if you need it. Often times, many people may be more knowledgeable than you in certain things. If you have a question, just ask someone, probably someone with a |TG| by their name, these guys know their stuff and are always willing to aid other players.

5. Be a continuous learner, even if you know the game in and out, you can still learn things from others. Sometimes, even a new player can view a problem differently and come up with a BETTER solution than yours.

I’m going to approach leadership from the way an army platoon is organized because it is what I know and am comfortable with.
First, I’ve compiled (and modified for Armed Assault) just some general background information about a platoon to help you get a good idea of what is involved.
US Army Platoon TOE
Source: FM 7-8 – The infantryman’s bible. Read it, share it with your friends, and found a church and preach from it

INFANTRY RIFLE PLATOON
Infantry rifle platoons consist of a platoon headquarters, three rifle squads, and a weapons squad. There are two machine gun (MG) teams and two antiarmor (AT) teams in the weapons squad. Each machine gun team and antiarmor team consists of two men--a gunner and an assistant gunner.

RIFLE SQUAD
A rifle squad has nine soldiers (Figure A-6). It fights as two fire teams. The squad has one squad leader, two fire team leaders (Alpha and Bravo), two automatic riflemen, two riflemen, and two grenadiers. For many Armed Assault missions, there are two fire teams, but not necessarily a squad leader. In that case, the squad consists of 8 people and the Alpha TL may act as a SL or the two fire teams may operate independently, depends on how the PL wants to organize his platoon.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

To complete all assigned tasks, every soldier in the platoon must do his job. Each soldier must accomplish his specific duties and responsibilities and be a part of the team.

a. Rifle Platoon Leader (PL). He is responsible for all that the platoon does or fails to do. This includes the tactical employment, training, administration, personnel management, and logistics of his platoon. He must know his men and how to employ the platoon's weapons. He is responsible for positioning and employing all assigned or attached crew-served weapons. He must also know how to employ supporting weapons. . Platoon leaders are responsible for effectively using the platoon's resources and for employing, organizing, and directing the platoon during combat operations. Effective command allows subordinate leaders to exercise their initiative, take risks, and seize opportunities during the mission.
The rifle platoon leader--
(1) Sets the example and the standards.
(2) Leads the platoon
(3) Maneuvers squads and fighting elements
(4) Synchronizes the efforts of squads
(5) Places himself where he is most needed to accomplish the mission – usually with the Assaulting element of an offensive action
(6) Assigns clear tasks and purposes to his squads
(7) Plans with the help of the platoon sergeant, squad leaders, and other key personnel (FO, leaders of attachments, and so on).
(8) Stays abreast of the situation and goes where he is needed to supervise, issue FRAGOs (changes to the mission which occur in real-time), and accomplishes the mission.
(9) Requests more support for his platoon if needed.

b. Rifle Platoon Sergeant (PSG). This soldier is the senior NCO in the platoon and second in succession of command. He helps and advises the platoon leader, and leads the platoon in the platoon leader's absence. He supervises the platoon's administration, logistics, and maintenance. He may prepare and issue paragraph 4 of the platoon OPORD. The rifle platoon sergeant--
(1) Assists the PL with logistical things and planning
(2) Controls the platoon’s aidmen, ensures that the casualty evacuation plan is complete and executed properly by directing the platoon’s aidman, and aid and litter teams
(3) Controls the logistical aspects of an operation – Ammo and equipment!
(4) Coordinates and supervises resupply operations.
(5) He ensures that ammunition and equipment are evenly distributed.(This is a critical task during consolidation and reorganization.)
(6) In Arma, pretty much acts as a support to the PL doing whatever is needed and being ready to step up whenever the PL needs him to.

c. Rifle Squad Leader (SL). This soldier is responsible for all that the rifle squad does or fails to do. He is a tactical leader and, as such, leads by example. The rifle squad leader--
(1) Controls the maneuver of his squad and its rate and distribution of fire.
(2) Trains his squad on the individual and collective tasks required to sustain combat effectiveness.
(3) Manages the logistical and administrative needs of his squad. He requests and issues ammunition and special equipment.
(4) Maintains accountability of his soldiers and equipment.
(5) Keeps the platoon sergeant/leader informed on squad supply status and squad requirements.
(6) Ensures supplies and equipment are internally cross-leveled within the squad.
d. Weapons Squad Leader (SL)
This soldier is responsible for all that the weapons squad does or fails to do. His duties are the same as the rifle squad leader. He also controls the machine guns and AT weapons in support of the platoon's mission. He advises the platoon leader on employing his squad.

f. Team Leader (TL). This soldier is a fighting leader who leads by personal example and helps the squad leader as required. He controls the movement of his fire team and the rate and placement of fire by leading from the front and using the proper commands and signals. He maintains accountability of his soldiers and equipment. He ensures his soldiers maintain the unit standards in all areas.

g. Grenadier. The grenadier is equipped with an M203 weapon system consisting of an M16 rifle and an attached 40-mm grenade launcher. The M203 allows him to fire high explosive rounds to suppress and destroy enemy infantry and lightly armored vehicles. He also can employ smoke to screen and cover his squad's movement, fire, and maneuver. During night and adverse weather conditions, the grenadier also may employ illumination rounds to increase his squad's visibility and mark enemy or friendly positions. The grenadier provides the fire team with an indirect fire capability out to 350 meters.

h. Automatic Rifleman. The automatic rifleman's primary weapon is the M249 squad automatic weapon (SAW). Each infantry squad has two automatic weapons. The M249 provides the squad with a high volume of sustained long-range suppressive and lethal fires far beyond the range of the M16/M4 rifle. The automatic rifleman employs the SAW to suppress enemy infantry and bunkers, destroy enemy automatic rifle and antitank teams, and enable maneuver of other teams and squads.

i. Rifleman - The rifleman is equipped with an m4/m16 rifle with which he engages the enemy. The rifleman provides the fireteam with a fast-moving and lightly-loaded soldier who can rapidly engage enemies. He is ideal for carrying additional ammunition and/or equipment for the team. Additionally, he may be equipped as a designated marksman or an antiarmor specialist.

i. Platoon Aidman (Medic). The rifle platoon trauma specialist/medic ensures that platoon members are physically capable of conducting tactical operations. During tactical operations, the platoon medic treats platoon casualties and assists with their evacuation. This soldier helps the platoon sergeant direct aid and litter teams; he monitors the health of the platoon. The platoon aidman--
(1) Treats casualties and assists in their evacuation under the control of the platoon sergeant.
(2) Carries out other tasks assigned by the platoon leader and platoon sergeant.

Other roles

j. Vehicle Commander. The VC remains mounted and is responsible for commanding the vehicle in relation to the platoon. He acquires targets, issues fire commands, and controls vehicle fires. He is responsible for the weapons training and welfare of the crew. He navigates, assisted by the precision navigation system, and ensures his vehicle maintains position in platoon formations.

k. Vehicle Gunner. – The Gunner mans a vehicle’s weapon systems. He searches for targets, aims fires, and follows commands from the VC.

k. Vehicle Driver. The driver drives the vehicle under the VC's control. He follows terrain-driving procedures and tries to select hull-down positions. He also aids in detecting targets and observing rounds fired. He assists in navigation by observing terrain.

l. Antiarmor Specialist. Although normally equipped with an M4/M16 within one of the fire teams of a rifle squad, the squad antiarmor specialist is capable of defeating heavy armor in any tactical environment. The squad antiarmor specialist is equipped with an AT missile system. This system provides the squad and platoon with an extremely lethal and man-portable antiarmor capability to defeat enemy main battle tanks during day, night, and adverse weather. If required, the squad antiarmor specialist destroys enemy armor threats that may impede the squad and platoon's progress.

m. Designated Marksman. The designated marksman acts as a member of the squad under the direction of the squad leader or as designated by the platoon leader. Although normally functioning as a rifleman within one of the fire teams in a rifle squad, the designated marksman is armed with a ranged rifle. He is employed at the direction of the squad leader or reorganized with the other squads' designated marksmen into a platoon sniper section. He is trained to eliminate high-payoff enemy personnel targets (such as enemy automatic rifle teams, antitank teams, and snipers) with precision fires.

Succession of Command. During combat, any member of the platoon may be required to assume command. Under normal conditions, the platoon succession of command will be–
• Platoon leader.
• Platoon sergeant.
• 1st Squad Leader
• 2nd, 3rd, 4th SL

Assumption of Command. When it is necessary for a new leader to assume command of the platoon, if and when the situation allows it, he will accomplish the following tasks:
(1) Reestablish the platoon chain of command and ensure all subordinates are made aware of changes.
(2) Check the platoon’s equipment and personnel status.
(3) Pinpoint the platoon’s location.
(4) Assess the platoon’s ability to continue the mission.
(5) Continue the mission.

Igor · 02-13-2009, 12:39 AM

Now I’m going to give a guide to being one of the leaders in Armed Assault.
I’m going to take a top-down approach in this guide: starting from the top and working down to the bottom.
The process being presented is a condensed version of how army leaders plan, brief, and lead.

Guide to being PL:

My take: You the man. You’re in charge of it all. You’re responsible for completing the mission utilizing your platoon. The 1st step to this position is stepping up to lead. Go for it!
Phases of a typical mission and what to do during each:

• Lobby screen – (Part where you choose your position in a mission)
1. Assign people to positions you want them to fill: chooses your leaders, what assets you want, and organize your element how you want to.
2. Write down the names of your leaders and important people in the element like who is flying the UH-60 Blackhawk (that’s always nice to know

) Also write down who is the current admin of the server.
3. Remind EVERYONE, especially the leaders, to note what squad/team they are in
4. Tell admin to launch when everyone is good to go and you are satisfied with how the element is setup

• Planning screen – (where you can read the plan/notes and view the map)
1. Introduce yourself to everyone, tell them that you are going to be leading the mission. Tell everyone to carefully read the plan and notes. Very often they contain important information. Example: “Good evening, I’m Igor, your PL for this mission. Please take this time to carefully read the plan and notes. In a minute we will begin planning this operation. Leaders, take this time to secure pen and paper so you can take notes.” You also should ensure that you carefully read it as well. Read it and begin to analyze it using the factors of METT-TC: what is the Mission, what is known about the Enemy, how will Terrain and weather affect the operation, what Troops are available, how much Time is available, and what Civil considerations must be taken (Civilian matters, ex: Rules of Engagement). You can list the factors on paper and take notes. Example:
I. Mission – Attack town
II. Enemy - Town full of enemy mechanized squads
III. Terrain/Weather – Hilly, Stormy Weather (Reduced Visibility)
IV. Troops – I have 4 squads and one tank
V. Time – 60 minutes
VI. Civil Considerations – Civilians are in town, must watch our fire
2. Once you have read the briefing, inform everyone that you are going to begin planning. Tell the squad/team leaders to go ahead and use this time to introduce themselves and lay down some basic standard operating procedures (SOPs) for their squads/teams. For instance, “I have finished reading the briefing and am going to begin planning. Squad/team leaders, please go ahead and introduce yourselves to your squads/teams and talk about how you want things to run.”
3. QUICKLY come up with a basic plan that you will use. Try to be quick so that you can give a heads up to everyone of what will occur. You should give a basic situation of the enemy, if possible, and what the mission entails. Also give general and specific instructions to the squads/teams. This order is known as a WARNO, or warning order. For example, “BREAK, BREAK, BREAK, please listen up for your warning order. In this mission we will be attacking a town full of enemy mechanized squads. I want all squads to carry an AT weapon and use a hmmwv to reach their first waypoints. I want 1st Squad to bring extra medical stuff, and 4th, my weapons squad, to bring extra ammo. Additionally, I want 2nd Squad to bring at least 3 satchels.” Tell squad/team leaders to go ahead and begin telling their subordinates what kind of gear to get, assign roles-who will be what (automatic riflemen, grenadier, sniper, etc.), and to go ahead assign people to the specific instructions. Example: “I want leaders to go ahead and assign roles to their people, begin telling who is going to bring what and try to comply with the instructions I laid out.”
4. Come up with a plan to complete the mission and brief it to your subordinates. This stage informs everyone of your plan. Make markers on the map. Complete the plan. Then, tell everyone your plan is complete. Introduce yourself, tell people to hold all questions until the end of your briefing, and use the 5 paragraph OPORD formation, and assign roles to squads/teams.
You can use the 5 paragraph OPORD format if you want

OPERATION ORDER FORMAT
An operation order (OPORD) is a directive issued by the leader to his subordinate leaders in order to effect the coordinated execution of a specific operation.
a. The leader briefs his OPORD orally from notes that follow the five-paragraph format below
b. When possible, the leader uses the map to brief his OPORD. You should show the location and positions of objectives, waypoints, layout of forces, and any other important information.
(Note: This format has been modified for Arma and while it represents a real OPORD, some things have been omitted/added)
I. Situation – Gives an overall picture of the current circumstances you are facing
a. Enemy – Provide known information about enemy
b. Friendly – Talk about how your forces are organized
II. Mission – State what you want to accomplish during the operation (ie completing the mission). Use the 5 W’s (Who, What, When, Where, Why in that order)
III. Execution – Explain how the mission will be accomplished.
a. Concept of the Operation - Tell a story about how the mission will be completed
1. Maneuver – Address all squads/teams by name, giving each of them an essential task
b. Tasks to Maneuver Units – Specify tasks to squads
IV. Service Support – Go over any supply/equipment issues
a. General – Provide current ammo/equipment locations.
b. Misc. – Any other supply/equipment issues
V. Command/Signal – Describes where the leadership will be and how to contact them and use communications
a. Command
1. Location of PL
2. Location of PSG
3. Succession of Command
b. Signal –
1. Callsigns
2. Other Signals

Example OPORD – “BREAK, BREAK, BREAK, this is Igor, the PL, pull out pens and paper and prepare to receive your oporder. Please hold all questions until the end”
I. Situation –
a. Enemy – There is a town full of enemy mechanized squads in our AO (area of operations). The squads consist of 8-12 personnel, are armed with MGs and AT weapons, and will fight due to high morale.
b. Friendly – Our platoon consists of 4 squads: 3 rifle squads and a weapons squad.
II. Mission – 1st Platoon will attack and seize the city of Provins NLT (no later than) H+1 (time in game plus one hour) vic 068/123 in order to liberate the civilians of Provins from Soviet control. (I Say Again! Say the Mission statement twice)
III. Execution – Please refer to my markers marked on the map
This operation will be conducted in 4 phases: 1st is movement to first waypoint, 2nd is suppressing fires, 3rd is establishing footholds in town, 4th is assaulting through town.

a. Concept of the Operation – We will move towards the town from two directions. 1st and 2nd squad will approach from the east and 3rd and 4th squad will approach from the North. 3rd and 4th squad, the support element, will begin laying down suppressive fire on the town. 1st and 2nd, the assault element, will begin moving west into the town to establish a foothold. Once the foothold is established, they will establish a support-by-fire position to cover the support elements approach into town. Once 3rd and 4th squad enters the town, they will establish a support-by-fire position to cover the assault element clearing the town from east to west. Key to this mission is speed in establishing the footholds in town and providing suppressive fires allowing the elements to maneuver.
3. Maneuver – 3rd and 4th squad will move to their respective waypoints first. They will close to within 300m of the town and begin suppressing the enemy. They will not move within 200m of the town. 1st and 2nd squads, the main effort, will move to within 400m of the town, their first waypoint. Once the support element engages, they will move into town and establish foothold to allow 3rd and 4th squad to enter. Once 3rd and 4th are setup in the town, 1st and 2nd will assault through the town clearing it of enemy presence.
b. Tasks to Subordinate Units – 1st and 2nd Squads – Pack light. 1st Squad, bring extra medical stuff. 2nd, bring at least 3 satchel charges. 4th squad, bring extra ammo.
IV. Service Support – (The PSG could plan and brief this part if requested)
a. General – There is ammo located at our start point. There are also AT launchers and satchel charges in the vehicles there.
b. Misc. – One medic will follow 2nd squad, the other will follow 3rd squad. Leaders get NVGs and binos if possible
V. Command/Signal – Describes where the leadership will be and how to contact them and use communications
a. Command
1. I, the PL, will follow 1st Squad during the movement and will assault with them
2. The PSG will follow 4th Squad and help coordinate support by fire.
3. Succession of Command – PL, PSG, 1st SL, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, anyone left with a microphone
b. Signal –
1. Callsigns
a. PL = Command1
b. PSG = Command2
c. 1st SL = 1st
d. 2nd SL = 2nd
e. 3rd SL = 3rd
f. 4th SL = 4th
2. Other Signals – The platoon cease fire signal will be Violet smoke on the objective
5. Take Questions – Ask if anyone has any questions, clarify what they may be confused on and be ready to change your plan if a significant issue is brought up.
I. Example: “This concludes my OPORD, are there any questions?”
6. Modify the plan, if any significant issue is brought to light and brief changes, if necessary. Only brief the changes, not the whole thing again.
7. Conduct a back brief. This phase is a check on the leaders’ understanding of the plan. You should quiz them on important aspects of the mission to ensure they are familiar with the plan. Ask leaders specific questions to ensure they understand the important parts.
I. Example: 1st squad leader, what additional gear should you bring? Answer=extra medical supplies. 2nd SL, what additional gear should you bring? Answer=Satchel Charges 3rd Squad leader, briefly state the mission. Answer=We are attacking the town of provins to remove enemy presence. 4th SL, where will the PSG be? Answer=Attached to 4th squad.

8. Give time for lower leaders to give specific instructions after you are done with your briefing. This time allows the squad/team leaders to comply with your instructions. EX: “Squad/team leaders, take this time to brief your men on what gear to bring and how you will move.”
9. While the SLs are briefing their men, allow the PSG time to brief the medics on how he wants them to operate.
10. If time permits, begin laying down some basic standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the platoon hq. “This is Igor, I’ve going to talk about what to do ingame. If you see an enemy, get down and give the squad the 3 D’s: the distance, direction (azimuth from compass), and description. Example, ‘100meters, 10 degrees, 4 enemy riflemen.’ If we pause for more than 10 seconds take a knee. If we are paused for more than 30 seconds, go prone. Try to always maintain situational awareness. If you buddy is covering a direction, you should attempt to cover another. We should try to maintain 360 security, but if we can’t coordinate it, try to cover the most likely avenues of approach.” Continue to lay down SOPs and talk about what you want each person to bring while the PL is planning. You can talk about what to do on contact, how to break contact, how to enter/clear buildings, how to evacuate casualties, and whatever else you can think of. You should try to use all the time you have available to you to get you’re the HQ squad ready to fight.
11. Tell admin to launch when you have completed planning and are convinced people understand your plan.
• In-game Phase – (Part where you are actually in the game world)
1. Allow time for your personnel to gather equipment/ammo, if applicable.
2. Remind your HQ element to grab equipment/ammo.
3. Tell all elements to let you know when they are ready.
4. If time permits, list each squad and number of personnel in each. This listing will allow you to update squad’s status and make notes on them (if 1st squad suffers 3 KIAs, list # of people as 6). You could also check off when they are in position and status of ammo/equipment.
a. Example:
1. Squad - # of people – Ready? – Ammo Status (Green is good, amber is moderate, red is low)
ii. 1st – 9 – Yes – Green
iii. 2nd – 9 – No – Amber
iv. 3rd – 9 – Yes – Red
v. Weapons (4th) – 9 – No – Amber
vi. HQ Element – 4 – Ready? – Green
1. Total Personnel Alive - 40
5. Execute, supervise, and lead from your plan. You should always try to go with assault element, so you have a 1st-hand view of what is happening. Send the PSG with supporting element so he can keep you informed of what is occurring via group chat. You need to effectively and efficiently manage all your assets, including: CAS, Armor, Artillery, etc.
6. You must be ready to modify your plan on the fly according to circumstances on the ground. You will have to make adjustments of the plan. Things will go wrong, people will suffer casualties, your map recon will not be perfect, etc. If something unexpected happens, you must IMMEDIANTLY issue commands. Do not just sit there. Get on the “radio” and begin telling the squads how you want them to react.
a. Example:
i. [1st SL to you] <Side Channel> “Command1, this is 1st Squad, we have a t72 approaching our position from the South.” “
ii. [You to 1st SL] <Side Channel> “1st squad, this is command1, hold position. We are sending an AT man from 2nd squad to engage the tank.”
iii. OR
iv. [You to 1st SL] <Side Channel> “1st squad, this is command1. Break contact, move 200m to the east. See the marker on the map”
7. Keep tabs on your element. Note how many people are in the squads, how many KIAs they have taken.
8. Maneuver elements to complete Objectives.
• Dead/Debriefing Phase – (Where you are dead and in “limbo” waiting for the next mission, or during the part where the notebook comes up and you are waiting for the next mission.)
1. Ask the admin if you can conduct an AAR, if you want.
2. Conduct an After-action-review (AAR) when the mission ends. Whether you completed it or not, AARs can help you and everyone else learn. To conduct an AAR, talk about what you wanted to happen, and then what actually happened. Be sure to get subordinate leaders to add input and give your sustains (what you did well) and improves (things that you need to improve upon).
3. Thank everyone

Igor · 02-13-2009, 12:41 AM

PSG, SL, and TL Guide

Guide to being PSG:
My take: You are second in charge. You job is to help the PL with whatever he needs. You’re responsible for the logistical and medical aspects of the platoon. This position is good for people who are experienced and want to help a PL lead. You should be there to give advice to the PL, but NEVER EVER call him out publicly if you question him. Always use group chat to question his decisions.
Phases of a typical mission and what to do during each:
• Lobby screen – (Part where you choose your position in a mission)
1. Write down the names of all the leaders and important people in the element like who is flying the UH-60 Blackhawk (that’s always nice to know

) Also write down who is the current admin of the server.
2. Remind PL to remind EVERYONE, especially the leaders, to note what squad/team they are in
3. Write down who the medics/resupply people are (if you have any).
• Planning screen – (where you can read the plan/notes and view the map)
1. Carefully read the plan. Begin planning how you want to handle equipment, ammunition, and medical issues. Also note anything in the plan or notes that is mission-essential and should not be missed in the plan.
2. Remind PL you can help him plan and brief if he wants.
3. If the PL is planning and you have nothing to do, begin telling the medics and other platoon headquarter elements how you want things to run. Come up with how you want the medics to operate and other SOPs for the squad. For example, “This is Igor, the PSG, I’ve going to talk about what to do ingame. Medics, I want you to quickly move to a casualty when you are called. If there is heavy fire near him, always throw a smoke grenade near him to cover your approach to the wounded. Try to place the smoke between yourself and the casualty. Additionally, bring extra smoke grenades and medical stuff: bandages, morphine, and epinephrine. Try to stay close to your attached squad, but not too close to the front. If you see an enemy, get down and give the squad near you the 3 D’s: the distance, direction (azimuth from compass), and description. Example, ‘100meters, 10 degrees, 4 enemy riflemen.’ If you pause for more than 10 seconds take a knee. If you are paused for more than 30 seconds, go prone. Try to always maintain situational awareness. If you buddy is covering a direction, you should attempt to cover another. We should try to maintain 360 security, but if we can’t coordinate it, try to cover the most likely avenues of approach.” Continue to lay down SOPs and talk about what you want each person to bring while the PL is planning. You can talk about what to do on contact, how to break contact, how to enter/clear buildings, how to evacuate casualties, and whatever else you can think of. You should try to use all the time you have available to you to get you’re the HQ squad ready to fight.
4. After the WARNO is put out to the squads, help the PL plan and brief the OPORD.
5. Brief whatever paragraphs he wants you to, most likely the “Service Support” paragraph.
IV. Service Support – Go over any supply/equipment issues
a. General – Provide current ammo/equipment locations.
b. Misc. – Any other supply/equipment issues

VI. Service Support – (The PSG could plan and brief this part if requested)
a. General – There is ammo located at our start point. There are also AT launchers and satchel charges in the vehicles there.
b. Misc. – One medic will follow 2nd squad, the other will follow 3rd squad. Leaders get NVGs and binos if possible
6. Be ready to aid PL in changing the plan if a significant issue is brought up.
7. Help PL with backbrief. Ask some questions to SLs if needed.
8. Continue to discuss Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures with HQ element if time permits.
• In-game Phase – (Part where you are actually in the game world)
1. Make sure HQ element gathers equipment/ammo, if applicable.
2. Tell all hq personnel to let you know when they are ready.
3. Tell the medics who they should follow. Make sure they follow the squad they are assigned to.
4. If time permits, list each member in HQ squad. This listing will allow you to update the HQ squad’s status and make notes on them (if HQ squad suffers 1 KIAs, and had 4, it now has 3)
5. If time permits, conduct precombat inspections on your personnel. Visually inspect what weapons they are carrying, and check the group tab to see what things they are bringing. Try to make sure they are bringing what they are supposed to.
6. Help the PL execute, supervise, and lead according to his plan. You should always try to go with support element, so you can keep the PL informed of what is happening with them. You may also help to effectively and efficiently manage all assets, including: CAS, Armor, Artillery, etc.
7. Keep tabs on your element. Note how many people are in the squads, how many KIAs they have taken.
8. Help PL maneuver elements to complete Objectives.
9. If the PL goes down, immediately assume command
a. Assumption of Command.
(1) Reestablish the platoon chain of command and ensure all subordinates are made aware of changes.
(2) Check the platoon’s equipment and personnel status.
(3) Pinpoint the platoon’s location.
(4) Assess the platoon’s ability to continue the mission.
(5) Continue the mission
• Dead/Debriefing Phase – (Where you are dead and in “limbo” waiting for the next mission, or during the part where the notebook comes up and you are waiting for the next mission.)
1. Help the PL conduct an After-action-review (AAR) when the mission ends. Whether you completed it or not, AARs can help you and everyone else learn. To conduct an AAR, talk about what you wanted to happen, and then what actually happened. Be sure to get subordinate leaders to add input and give your sustains (what you did well) and improves (things that you need to improve upon).
2. Thank everyone

Guide to being a SL:
My take: You are the manager of the people who make it happen. Therefore, you must utilize your squad to complete the mission. The PL plans, you help him execute. You’re responsible for completing all the tasks assigned to your squad. This position is a good stepping stone to learn how to be a leader. Try it if you want to lead, but don’t want to handle the entire element.
Phases of a typical mission and what to do during each:
• Lobby screen – (Part where you choose your position in a mission)
1. Assign people to positions you want them to fill: choose your squad members, what assets you want, and organize the squad how you want to, as long as PL is okay with it. If you want to change how your squad is arranged, just ask the PL, who should ask the person you want to be moved to move and the admin to move him if he doesn’t comply.
2. Write down the names of your leaders, above you and below you. You should note who the PL, PSG, and your team leaders are.
a. Example: PL = Bob, PSG = Steven, Alpha Team Leader (ATL) = Smith, BTL = Seth
3. If time permits, write down the names of all members of your squad, how the squad is broken down, and their roles.
a. Example:
i. Alpha Team
1. TL = Smith
2. AR = Madman
3. GR = Henderson
4. R = Gonzales
ii. Bravo Team
1. TL = Seth
2. AR = Hombre
3. GR = Guy
4. R = Person4
4. Note which squad you are, whether its 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or alphabetical, A, B, C, D.
5. Tell PL you are ready when you are satisfied with how your squad is setup
• Planning screen – (where you can read the plan/notes and view the map)
1. Introduce yourself to your squad, tell them that you are going to be leading them. Tell everyone to carefully read the plan and notes. Very often they contain important information. Example: “Good evening, I’m Igor, your SL for this mission. You are part of 4th Squad. Please take this time to carefully read the plan and notes. In a minute we will begin planning this operation.” You also should ensure that you carefully read it as well. Read it and begin to think about what you might need to complete the mission. You should make notes on paper and take notice of important things, like which roads have IEDs or if you have to talk to civilians. By taking notes, if the PL misses something, you can ask him about it.
2. Once you have read the briefing, ask to your squad members to let you know when they are done. Begin laying down some basic standard operating procedures (SOPs) for your squad members. However, try not to talk when the side chat is in use by your higher ups. You should pay careful attention to what they are saying and it is counterproductive to talk at the same time. While the PL is making the plan, start talking about what you want your squad to do and remind them what squad they are in. For instance, “This is Igor, the 4th SL, you are in 4th squad. I’ve going to talk about what to do ingame. If you see an enemy, get down and give the squad the 3 D’s: the distance, direction (azimuth from compass), and description. Example, ‘100meters, 10 degrees, 4 enemy riflemen.’ If we pause for more than 10 seconds take a knee. If we are paused for more than 30 seconds, go prone. Try to always maintain situational awareness. If you buddy is covering a direction, you should attempt to cover another. We should try to maintain 360 security, but if we can’t coordinate it, try to cover the most likely avenues of approach.” Continue to lay down SOPs and talk about what you want each person to bring while the PL is planning. You can talk about what to do on contact, how to break contact, how to enter/clear buildings, how to evacuate casualties, and whatever else you can think of. You should try to use all the time you have available to you to get your squad ready to fight.
3. Once you receive the WARNO, begin assigning teams with specific tasks and give them general and specific instructions. For instance a general instruction might be, “When the mission begins, I want everyone to load up on ammo and medical supplies.” Whereas a specific instruction would be, “Ok, Alpha team, you are responsible for dealing with casualties. I want your team to pack extra smoke grenades, medical supplies, and a box of m249 ammo. Bravo team, I want you to get a scoped weapon and have a designated marksman.” Additionally, you might receive specific instructions from your leaders. For example, the PL might tell you he wants your squad to act as a weapons squad and a demo team. You should comply with his instructions and assign your teams the roles accordingly. For instance, “I want everyone to bring a box of m249 ammo packed (if possible), and a extra AT-4 rocket. I will grab two satchels. Alpha team, bring AT weapon. Bravo team, bring a machine gun.” Continue to go over how you want things to run if you have time.
4. Be quiet during the OPORD and take detailed notes. Note anything that you are confused about, and prepare good questions for the PL.
5. Once the PL asks for questions – Ask anything you are confused about. Additionally, offer a comment if you think something will not work; for example, “Sir, I don’t think we should cross the open field in order to get to our support-by-fire position. We will be within 200m of the enemy and need cover/concealment.”
6. Participate in the back brief. Answer any questions directed to you.

7. If given time by the PL, brief anything covered in the OPORD that you have not already covered. For instance, if the PL tells your squad to move to a far-away waypoint, tell your squad not to pack too much stuff. Balance the load with requirements and movement in that case.
8. Tell PL you are ready to launch when you have completed talking to your squad and think they are ready.
• In-game Phase – (Part where you are actually in the game world)
1. Tell your people to gather equipment/ammo, if applicable.
2. Remember to grab equipment/ammo yourself.
3. Tell the PL when your squad is ready.
4. If time permits, conduct precombat inspections on your personnel. Visually inspect what weapons they are carrying, and check the group tab to see what things they are bringing. Try to make sure they are bringing what they are supposed to.
5. Execute, supervise, and lead in accordance with the plan. You must be ready to modify your element on the fly according to circumstances on the ground. If something unexpected happens, you must IMMEDIANTLY issue commands. Do not just sit there. Get on the “radio” and begin telling your teams and squad members how you want them to react.
a. Example:
i. [ATL to You] <Group Channel> “Igor, this is the Alpha Team Leader, we have a t72 300m to the south approaching us” “
ii. [You to ATL] <Group Channel> “Ok, hold position. Get behind cover and concealment.”
iii. [You to PL] <Side Channel> “Command1, this is 4th Squad, we have a t72 approaching from the south, we are preparing to engage, please advise.”
iv. [PL to You] <Side Channel> “4th squad, this is command1. Break contact, move 200m to the east. See the marker on the map”
v. [You to Entire Squad] <Group Channel> “Ok guys, on me, we are moving away, follow me!”
• Dead/Debriefing Phase – (Where you are dead and in “limbo” waiting for the next mission, or during the part where the notebook comes up and you are waiting for the next mission.)
1. Talk about what happened
2. If an AAR is conducted, actively participate. Offer good comments.
a. “Sir, I believe the movement to the OBJ was good. However, once the attack began, the platoon became bogged down since we were in a bad position.”

Guide to being a TL:

My take: You are the direct link to the basic “footsoldiers.” You oversee roughly 4 people (in most situations) and are responsible for their well-being and actually getting the men to accomplish the mission. You should do whatever the SL tells you to do. Additionally, keep him informed of your team’s situation. Be a TL if you are relatively new, or you want to try the very first stage in leading other people.
Phases of a typical mission and what to do during each:
• Lobby screen – (Part where you choose your position in a mission)
1. Write down the names of your leaders, above you and below you. You should note who the PL, PSG, and your Squad Leader is.
a. Example: PL = Bob, PSG = Steven, SL = Smith
2. Write down the names and roles of all members of in your team. Note which squad you are in, and what team you are
a. Example:
i. 1st Squad, Alpha Team
1. TL = Me
2. AR = Stan
3. Designated Marksman = Bill
4. AT4 Gunner = George
• Planning screen – (where you can read the plan/notes and view the map)
1. Introduce yourself to your team using Group Chat. Tell them that you are going to be leading them. Tell everyone to carefully read the plan and notes. Very often they contain important information. However, try not to talk when the side chat is in use by your higher ups. You should pay careful attention to what they are saying and it is counterproductive to talk at the same time. Example: “Good evening, I’m Igor, your TL for this mission. You are part of 1st Squad, Alpha Team. Please take this time to carefully read the plan and notes.” You also should ensure that you carefully read it as well. Read it and begin to think about what you might need to complete the mission. You should make notes on paper and take notice of important things, like which roads have IEDs or if you have to talk to civilians. By taking notes, if the PL misses something, you can tell your SL to ask him about it.

2. Once your SL gives you instructions. Ask him to give you a minute to assign the tasks. Example: “Ok, Bob, you are the medic. I want you to pack extra smoke grenades, medical supplies, and a box of m249 ammo. Bill, I want you to get a scoped weapon since you are the designated marksman.” Additionally, you might receive specific instructions from your squad leader. For example, the PL might tell your SL he wants that squad to act as a weapons squad and a demo team. The SL may tell you to bring extra ammo, heavy and ranged weapons, and satchel charges. You should comply with his instructions and assign your team the roles accordingly. For instance, “I want everyone to bring a box of m249 ammo packed (if possible), and a extra AT-4 rocket for George. I will grab two satchels
3. Be quiet during the OPORD and take detailed notes. Note anything that you are confused about, and prepare good questions to give to your SL for the PL.
4. Tell SL you are ready to launch when you have completed talking to your team and think they are ready.
• In-game Phase – (Part where you are actually in the game world)
1. Tell your people to gather equipment/ammo, if applicable.
2. Remember to grab equipment/ammo yourself.
3. Tell the SL when your team is ready.
4. If time permits, conduct precombat inspections on your personnel. Visually inspect what weapons they are carrying, and check the group tab to see what things they are bringing. Try to make sure they are bringing what they are supposed to.
5. Execute and supervise your team during the mission. You must be ready to tell the SL what is happening to your team. If something unexpected happens, you must IMMEDIANTLY issue commands to your team. Do not just sit there. Get on the “radio” and begin telling your how you want them to react.
b. Example:
i. [Your teammate to you] <Direct Communication> - “Igor, we have a t72 300m to the south approaching us” “
ii. [You to your Team] < Direct Communication> > “Ok, everyone hold position. Get behind cover or concealment.”
iii. [You to SL] <Group Channel> “SL, this is ATL, we have a t72 approaching from the south, we are preparing to engage, please advise.”
iv. [SL to You] <Group Channel> “Ok, hold on. I am moving to your position.”
• Dead/Debriefing Phase – (Where you are dead and in “limbo” waiting for the next mission, or during the part where the notebook comes up and you are waiting for the next mission.)
1. Talk about what happened

Igor · 02-13-2009, 12:42 AM

Other Roles:

Basic Rifleman – (Not technically leading anyone)

There are many opportunities to be a leader in Armed Assault even as a basic rifleman. Even doing something simple like telling someone not to stand in the open, teaching someone how to use a weapons system, how to treat wounded people, or other basic things are all leadership. Your job is to help your leaders in completing the mission. If you know how to be a good leader, you can offer tips to your leadership to help them, assuming they don’t mind. Essentially, if you do your job and assist your leader in managing his element, you are being a leader. To be a good leader, you first must be a good follower.
Guide to being a Rifleman:

My take: You are the most important element in an operation. Without you doing your job, the mission could not be completed. You should try to be a good follower and do what your leadership tells you to do. Additionally, keep them informed of your situation.
Phases of a typical mission and what to do during each:
• Lobby screen – (Part where you choose your position in a mission)
1. Write down the names of your leaders. You should note who the PL and PSG are. Who your squad Leader is, and who your teamleader is.
b. Example: PL = Bob, PSG = Steven, SL = Smith, TL = Kyle
2. Write down the names and roles of all members of in your team. Note which squad you are in, and what team you are
b. Example:
i. 1st Squad, Alpha Team
1. TL = Kyle
2. AR = Me
3. Designated Marksman = Bill
4. AT4 Gunner = George
• Planning screen – (where you can read the plan/notes and view the map)
1. Carefully read the plan and notes. Very often they contain important information. Try to minimize conversations when leaders are talking. You should pay careful attention to what they are saying and it is counterproductive to talk at the same time. You should make notes on paper and take notice of important things, like which roads have IEDs or if you have to talk to civilians. By taking notes, if the PL misses something, you can tell your SL to ask him about it.
2. Once your TL gives you instructions, comply with them. If you have a concern, ask him, but try to do what he asks. Basically, be a team player
3. Be patient during planning. Allow the leaders to prepare for the mission.
4. Be quiet during the OPORD and take detailed notes. Note anything that you are confused about, and prepare good questions to give to your SL for the PL.
5. Tell SL you are ready to launch when you have completed talking to your team and think they are ready.
• In-game Phase – (Part where you are actually in the game world)
1. Gather equipment/ammo, if applicable.
2. Tell your TL when you are ready.
3. Follow your leader’s instructions in game
4. Send reports up to your leadership
a. Example:
v. [You to your TL] <Direct Communication> - “Igor, we have a t72 300m to the south approaching us” “
vi. [TL to you] < Direct Communication> > “Ok, everyone hold position. Get behind cover or concealment.”
vii. [TL to SL] <Group Channel> “SL, this is ATL, we have a t72 approaching from the south, we are preparing to engage, please advise.”
viii. [SL to Squad] <Group Channel> “Ok, hold on. I am moving to your position.”
• Dead/Debriefing Phase – (Where you are dead and in “limbo” waiting for the next mission, or during the part where the notebook comes up and you are waiting for the next mission.)
1. Talk about what happened

Quick Guides (Checklists):

PL-
• Lobby screen
o Assign people to positions
o Write down names of leaders
o Write down name of admin
o Tell everyone to note what squad/team they are in
o Tell admin to launch
• Planning screen
o Read/Analyze briefing – Use METT-TC
 Mission
 Enemy
 Terrain/Weather
 Troops
 Time
 Civil Considerations
o Tell SL to establish SOPs
o Make/issue the WARNO
 Situation
 Mission
 General Instructions
 Specific Instructions
o Make a plan and brief it – USE OPORD Format
 Situation
 Mission
 Execution
 Service Support
 Command & Signal
o Take questions
o Modify plan if needed
o Back brief leaders
o Give time for SLs to brief
o Get PSG to establish SOPs for HQ squad
o Tell admin to launch
• In-game Phase
o Gather equipment/ammo
o List platoon organization
o Lead mission
o Issue FRAGOs (changes to plan)
o Keep tabs on element
o Complete objectives
• Dead/Debriefing Phase
o Conduct an AAR, if you want.
o Thank Everyone

PSG:
• Lobby screen
o Write down the names of leaders
o Write down the name of admin
o Remind PL to remind EVERYONE to note what squad/team they are in
o List medics/resupply people
• Planning screen
o Read the plan and make notes
o Establish SOPs for HQ squad
o Help PL plan/brief
• In-game Phase
o Gather equipment/ammo
o Tell medics who to follow
o List people in HQ squad
o Conduct inspections (time allowing)
o Help PL lead
o Keep tabs on platoon
o If PL goes down, take charge
• Dead/Debriefing Phase
o Help the PL conduct an AAR
o Thank everyone

SL:
• Lobby screen
o Organize Squad
o Write down leaders / Admin
o Write down people in squad
• Planning screen
o Read plan/notes and make notes
o Establish SOPs
o After WARNO, comply with instructions
o Take notes during OPORD
o Ask questions, if needed
o Back brief
o Tell PL you are ready
• In-game Phase
o Tell your people to gather equipment/ammo
o Tell PL when your squad is ready
o Conduct inspections (time allowing)
o Follow plan and PL’s instructions
o
• Dead/Debriefing Phase
o Talk about what happened
o If an AAR is conducted, actively participate. Offer good comments.

TL:

• Lobby screen
o Write down the names of your leaders,
o Write down names/roles of people in your team
o
• Planning screen
o Read plan, make notes
o Comply with SL instructions
o Take notes on OPORD
o Tell SL any questions you have
• In-game Phase
o Gather equipment/ammo
o Tell the SL when your team is ready.
o Conduct inspections (time allowing)
o Lead team
• Dead/Debriefing Phase
o Talk about what happened

Falcon_262 · 02-13-2009, 03:07 AM

Great Stuff Igor learned quite a few things that'll work to adopt

**Inkompetent** · 02-13-2009, 04:54 AM

Ohhhh... This looks like a good read. Will delve into it as soon as I can!

**sparks50** · 02-13-2009, 05:32 AM

Hmm, this is a lot to read. Thank you!

**Inkompetent** · 02-13-2009, 06:33 AM

It was a very nice read! Good port from FM 7-8 to work in ArmA, and indeed we need both more people willing to lead, and a more structured leadership (in many cases, at least). Avoiding confusion and disorder is as important as having a rifle, so I hope many (especially us that don't lead too often) read this for some inspiration

Duc748s · 02-13-2009, 03:35 PM

Igor - Great post. I always love how the Army simplifies things, kind of like the Geico commercials "so easy a caveman can do it" LOL ... This coming from a 20 year AF guy

Inkompetent - I agree, also what I have noticed is that most leaders will not mark RPs and Squad Obj's on the map. This would make it so much easier when respawning to form up with your respective squad and cut down on radio chatter. Of course not dying helps also LOL

I am new to ArmA so I might be missing something but I figured I would throw those points out

Igor · 02-14-2009, 10:14 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Duc748s

Igor - Great post. I always love how the Army simplifies things, kind of like the Geico commercials "so easy a caveman can do it" LOL ... This coming from a 20 year AF guy

I tried to keep it simple, stupid (KISS).
I was actually afraid that the guide would be too complicated...

nthamma · 02-19-2009, 02:51 AM

This is excellent, Igor. Thanks for creating the guide! I hope that this will help encourage people to step up and take charge of a mission.

Great choice of videos, btw! Very motivational!

**Jeepo_SAS** · 02-20-2009, 10:01 AM

Absolutley smashing read mate, very well done!

polk12 · 02-20-2009, 09:38 PM

This is amazing good stuff Igor!

AdeptAbyss · 02-20-2009, 09:44 PM

Great read, been using parts of this when I try to command (still need alot of practice though lol)

**Gill** · 02-23-2009, 08:40 AM

I love how you extrapolated information from 7-8 and broke it down into game mechanics that apply to Armed Assault. That's good stuff, dude. There have been quite a few times when someone (not necessarily this game, either) will just find an Army manual, cut-and-paste some vaguely-pertinent information, and call it a "guide". This is an example of doing it correctly.